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 | #include <vector>#include <random>
 
 using std::max;
 using std::min;
 using std::mt19937;
 using std::random_device;
 using std::uniform_int_distribution;
 using std::vector;
 using uint = unsigned int;
 
 template <typename K, typename V>
 struct SkiplistNode
 {
 K key;
 V value;
 vector<SkiplistNode *> forward;
 SkiplistNode(const K &key = K(), const V &value = V(), uint MAX_LEVEL = 0) : key(key), value(value), forward(MAX_LEVEL, nullptr) {}
 };
 
 template <typename K, typename V, typename Compare = std::less<K>>
 class Skiplist
 {
 private:
 using Node = SkiplistNode<K, V>;
 static constexpr const uint MAX_LEVEL = 32;
 static constexpr const uint P = 4;
 static constexpr const uint S = 0xFFFFFFFF;
 static constexpr const uint PS = S / P;
 mt19937 mt;
 uniform_int_distribution<uint> rd;
 Node *dummy_head;
 uint level;
 Compare cmp;
 
 public:
 Skiplist() : level(1), mt(random_device()()), rd(0, S)
 {
 dummy_head = new Node(K(), V(), MAX_LEVEL);
 }
 
 bool equal(const K &k1, const K &k2) const
 {
 return cmp(k1, k2) == cmp(k2, k1);
 }
 
 Node *find(const K &key)
 {
 Node *curr = dummy_head;
 for (uint i = level - 1; ~i; --i)
 {
 while (curr->forward[i] && cmp(curr->forward[i]->key, key))
 {
 curr = curr->forward[i];
 }
 }
 curr = curr->forward[0];
 if (curr && equal(curr->key, key))
 {
 return curr;
 }
 return nullptr;
 }
 
 V &insert(const K &key, const V &value)
 {
 uint lv = randomLevel();
 vector<Node *> update(lv, nullptr);
 Node *curr = dummy_head;
 for (uint i = level - 1; ~i; --i)
 {
 while (curr->forward[i] && cmp(curr->forward[i]->key, key))
 {
 curr = curr->forward[i];
 }
 if (i < lv)
 {
 update[i] = curr;
 }
 }
 
 Node *node = new Node(key, value, lv);
 
 for (uint i = 0; i < min(level, lv); ++i)
 {
 node->forward[i] = update[i]->forward[i];
 update[i]->forward[i] = node;
 }
 
 level = max(level, lv);
 return node->value;
 }
 
 bool erase(const K &key)
 {
 vector<Node *> update(MAX_LEVEL, nullptr);
 Node *curr = dummy_head;
 for (uint i = level - 1; ~i; --i)
 {
 while (curr->forward[i] && cmp(curr->forward[i]->key, key))
 {
 curr = curr->forward[i];
 }
 update[i] = curr;
 }
 
 if (curr->forward[0] == nullptr || !equal(curr->forward[0]->key, key))
 {
 return false;
 }
 
 curr = curr->forward[0];
 for (uint i = 0; i < curr->forward.size(); ++i)
 {
 update[i]->forward[i] = curr->forward[i];
 }
 
 delete curr;
 
 return true;
 }
 
 uint randomLevel()
 {
 uint lv = 1;
 while (rd(mt) <= PS)
 {
 ++lv;
 }
 return min(lv, MAX_LEVEL);
 }
 };
 
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